Discontinuity as frustration. A current theme for an objective history of Romanian creative spirit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52673/18570461.24.3-74.15Keywords:
creative spirit, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Barron Welsh Art Scale, Nobel Prize, Fields Medal, internationalinnovation indicators, the psychology of the Romanian peopleAbstract
Through the mediation of creativity, the human being acquires, exclusively, the signs of a factor that can primarily and fully produce the effect of “moving forward,” of evolving on an upward trajectory, of progress. As it has been demonstrated more than once, the progress of any society is closely linked to the creative, theoretical, or practical activity of its members. For this reason, it is natural for the activity under consideration to be regarded as the highest form of active and conscious participation in the endless and extremely interesting work of transforming the world. Focusing on the ideas concerning the essence and importance of creativity, this article highlights the level of Romanians' spirit of creativity, evaluated over the past years using two internationally recognized investigative tools: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking/TTCT and the Barron Welsh Art Scale/BWAS (a level at which Romanians have shown that they possess relevant indicators, indicators that have been proven to be comparable or very similar to those possessed by American citizens) and, at the same time, seeks to explain why Romanians, with a level of potential creativity comparable to that of American citizens, both in children and adults, have not yet won any Nobel Prizes, Fields Medals, or have excelled in any international innovation indicators (with particular reference to the International Innovation Index/III, the Global Innovation Index/GII, and the European Innovation Scoreboard/EIS).
References
1. Bejat, M. Talent, inteligență, creativitate. București: Editura Stiințifică, 1971. 178 p.
2. Rosca, Al. Creativitatea. București: Editura Enciclopedică Română, 1972. 139 p.
3. Roco, M. Creativitate individuala și de grup. București: Editura Academiei Române, 1979. 207 p.
4. Zlate, M., Popescu-Neveanu, P. Psihologie școlară. București: Editura Universităţii din București, 1987. 431 p.
5. Feier, V.-V. Creativitate și creativitate managerială. București: Expert, 1995. 254 p.
6. Amabile, T.M. Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What You Love and Loving What You Do. In: California Management Review, 1997, vol. 40, no. 1, 39-58, https://doi.org/10.2307/41165921
7. David, D. Psihologia poporului român: profilul psihologic al românilor într-o monografie cognitiv-experimentală. Iași: Polirom, 2015. 400 p.
8. Roco, M. Creativitate și inteligenţă emoţională. Iași: Polirom, 2001. 248 p.
9. Popescu, G. Psihologia creativității. Ed. a 3-a. București: Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine, 2007. 142 p.
10. Guilford, J.P. Creativity. In: American Psychologist, 1950, 5(9), 444-454, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063487
11. Lowenfeld, V. Creative and Mental Growth (3rd ed.). Oxford: Macmillan, 1957. 541 p.
12. Taylor, C.W. Various approaches to and definitions of creativity. In: R. J. Sternberg (Ed.). The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, 99-121.
13. Zlate, M. Fundamentele psihologiei. București: Hyperion, 1994. 144 p.
14. Iliescu, D. Aprecieri: o lucrare admirabilă. În: D. David. Psihologia poporului român: profilul psihologic al românilor într-o monografie cognitiv-experimentală. Iași: Polirom, 2015, p. 397.
15. Sava, F.A. Aprecieri: o lucrare care ne prezintă fotografia noastră identitară. În: D. David. Psihologia poporului român: profilul psihologic al românilor într-o monografie cognitiv-experimentală. Iași: Polirom, 2015, p. 398.
16. Constantin, T. Aprecieri: o lucrare ambițioasă. În: D. David. Psihologia poporului român: profilul psihologic al românilor într-o monografie cognitiv-experimentală. Iași: Polirom, 2015, p. 398.
17. Almeida, Leandro, S., Lola Prieto Prieto, Mercedes Ferrando, Emma Oliveira and Carmen Ferrándiz. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking: The question of its construct validity. In: Thinking Skills and Creativity, April 2008, no. 1, 53-58; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.03.003
18. King, L. Test your creative thinking. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2003. 156 p.
19. Lee, Young Ju. Effects of Divergent Thinking Training/Instructions on Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Creative Performance: PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2004, [online] https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2306; https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3831&context=utk_graddiss
20. Torrance, E.P. Creativity. What Research Says to the Teacher. New Jersey: Personnel Press, 1969, Series no 28, 36 p., [online] https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED078435.pdf
21. Torrance, E.P. Norm-Technical Manual Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. Verbal test, form A and B. Figural test, form A and B. Princeton: Personal Press Inc, 1974. 95 p.
22. Torrance, E.P. Predictive validity of the torrance test of creative thinking. In: The Journal of Creative Behavior, 1972, no. 6, 236-252, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1972.tb00936.x
23. Torrance, E.P, Iliescu, D., Dincă, M., Pane, I. TTCT - Testele Torrance de Gândire Creativă. Manual tehnic și interpretative. Cluj-Napoca: Sinapsis, 2008. 347 p.
24. Barron, F. Barron-Welsh Art Scale: A portion of the Welsh Figure Preference Test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1963. 75 p.
25. Barron, F., Welsh, G. S. Artistic perception as a factor in personality style: its measurement by a figure preference test. In: Journal of Psychology, 1952, no. 33, 199-203, https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1952.9712830
26. Eysenck, H.J., Furnham, A. Personality and the Barron-Welsh Art Scale. In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1993, vol. 76 (3), 837-838, https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3.837
27. Gough, H., Bradley, Р. Forty Years of Experience with the Barron Welsh Art Scale. In: A. Montuori (Ed.). Unusual associates: A festchrift for Frank Barron. New York.: Hampton Press, 1996, 252-301.
28. Rosen, J.C. The Barron-Welsh Art Scale as a Predictor of Originality and Level of Ability Among Artists. In: Journal of Applied Psychology, 1955, vol. 39 (5), 366-367, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042340
29. Schaefer, Ch. E. The Barron - Welsh art scale as a predictor of adolescent creativity. In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1968, vol. 27 (3), 1099-1102, https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1968.27.3f.1099
30. Welsh, G.S., Gough, H.B., Hall, W.B., Bradley, P., Livinţi, R., Iliescu, D. Technical manual for the Barron-Welsh Art Scale. Cluj-Napoca: Odiseea, 2009, 115 p.
31. Haulică, I. Professor doctor George Emil Palade at 90 years of age. În: Revista medico-chirurgicală a Societății de Medici și Naturaliști din Iași. România, 2002, nr. 107 (2), 223-225.
32. Tartakoff, A.M. George Emil Palade: charismatic virtuoso of cell biology. In: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2002, no. 3 (11), 871-876, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm953
33. George Emil Palade: biographical, [online] https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1974/palade/biographical/ (consultat: 27.04.2024).
34. Berenbaum, M. The Vision of the Void: Theological Reflections on the Works of Elie Wiesel. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1979. 220 p.
35. Downing, F.L. Elie Wiesel: A Religious Biography. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2008. 282 p.
36. Elie Wiesel: biografie, [online] https://www.digi24.ro/magazin/timp-liber/cultura/cine-sunt-laureatii-de-origine-romana-ai-premiului-nobel-304741 (consultat: 27.04.2024).
37. Tismăneanu, V. Spiritul invinge: Herta Muller, o mare scriitoare, o mare constiinta, a primit Nobelul pentru literature, [online] https://tismaneanu.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/spiritul-invingeherta-muller-o-mare-scriitoare-o-mare-constiinta-a-primit-nobelul-pentru-literatura/ (consultat: 27.04.2024).
38. Rogobete, R. Herta Müller dincolo de literaturile naționale. În: R. Cesereanu (coordonator). Herta Müller, un puzzle: studii, eseuri și alte texte. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2019, 24-37.
39. Herta Müller: biografie, [online] https://www.digi24.ro/magazin/timp-liber/cultura/cine-sunt-laurea tii-de-origine-romana-ai-premiului-nobel-304741 (consultat: 29.04.2024).
40. Stefan Hell: Curriculum Vitae, [online] https://web.archive.org/web/20141013083335/http://www.deutscher-zukunftspreis.de/de/nominierte/2006/team-1 (29.04.2024).
41. Stefan W. Hell, Doctor Honoris Causa al Universităţii de Vest "Vasile Goldiș", [online] https://www.aradon.ro/aradon-stirile-judetului-arad/stefan-w-hell-doctor-honoris-causa-al-universitatii-de-vest-246618/(consultat: 30.04.2024).
42. Stefan Hell: biografie, [online] https://www.digi24.ro/magazin/timp-liber/cultura/cine-sunt-laureatii-de-origine-romana-ai-premiului-nobel-304741(consultat: 30.04.2024).
43. Andrew, J., DeRocco E.S., Taylor, A. The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United States can restore its edge. Boston: The Boston Consulting Group (BCG). March 2009, [online] file:///d:/Downloads/silo.tips_ the-innovation-imperative-in-manufacturing.pdf (consultat: 30.04.2024).
44. Seghedin, N.E. Cât de inventivi sunt românii? [online] https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/cat-de-inventivi-sunt-romanii--252800.html#google_vignette (consultat: 02.05.2024).
45. Bociort, I.F. De ce România nu are Premiul Nobel pentru literatură. În: Cultura, 2014, nr. 26, p. 28. [online] https://revistacultura.ro/nou/de-ce-romania-nu-are-premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura/ (consultat: 27.04.2024).
46. Seghedin, N.E. Cât de inventivi sunt românii? [online] https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/cat-de-inven- tivi-sunt-romanii--252800.html#google_vignette (consultat: 02.05.2024).
47. Mungiu-Pippidi, A. De ce nu iau românii Premiul Nobel. Iași: Polirom, 2012. 352 p.
48. Mungiu-Pippidi, A. Corruption: Good governance powers innovation. In: Nature, 2015, no. 518, 295-297, https://doi.org/10.1038/518295a
49. Rădulescu-Motru, C. Psihologia poporului român și alte studii de psihologie socială / Ediție îngrijită de Alexandru Boboc. București: Paideia, 1998. 196 p.
Downloads
Published
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
