The “AKADEMOS” journal of Science, Innovation, Culture and Art is an open access, peer-reviewed generalist scientific publication of national interest, belonging to category “B”. The “AKADEMOS” journal is a periodic scientific wide profile publication, of national and international interest, aimed at mirroring the modern scientific phenomenon and its development, publicizing the fundamental and valuable research in various fields, new technologies and the scientific results for the purpose of their innovative application, approaching issues and elucidating the investigations regarding the material and immaterial spiritual heritage, culture and arts.
Periodic Publication Journal of Science, Innovation, Culture and Art "SCIENCE and INNOVATION"
The scholar who built institutions and enlightened destinies – Academician Sergiu Rădăuțanu on the centenary of his birth (1926–1998)
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scientific excellence, outstanding teaching, and visionary leadership. Academician Maria DUCA at the age of 70
Există personalități care nu doar parcurg destine, ci configurează epoci, organizează și modelează instituții de prestigiu și deschid drumuri noi acolo unde înainte existau doar incertitudini sau abordări tradiționale. În spațiul academic și științific al Republicii Moldova, academicianul Maria Duca este o prezență impunătoare prin profesionalism, o autoritate incontestabilă în științele biologice. La aniversarea celor 70 de ani, privirea retrospectivă asupra parcursului domniei sale constituie o incursiune relevantă în istoria modernă a geneticii și fiziologiei moleculare, precum și în cea a managementului universitar, clădit pe pilonii excelenței și ai curajului intelectual. Puține personalități au reușit să îmbine rigoarea analitică a cercetătorului, măiestria dascălului capabil să insufle vocații și viziunea unui lider instituțional dedicat integrării educației cu cercetarea științifică.
A leading figure in contemporary chemistry. Academician Aurelian GULEA at the age of 80
Împlinirea vârstei de 80 de ani de către academicianul Aurelian Gulea reprezintă un moment de aleasă semnificație pentru comunitatea științifică și universitară din Republica Moldova. Este prilejul firesc de a exprima recunoștința și prețuirea noastră față de o personalitate care, prin muncă neobosită, inteligență creatoare și devotament exemplar, a contribuit decisiv la afirmarea școlii naționale de chimie și la integrarea acesteia în circuitul academic internațional. Născut în satul Baraboi, raionul Dondușeni, academicianul Aurelian Gulea și-a descoperit vocația pentru chimie încă din anii de școală. Participarea la olimpiadele de chimie, inclusiv la cele republicane, a constituit nu doar expresia unui talent timpuriu, ci și începutul unui parcurs de excepție, construit cu perseverență, rigoare și pasiune pentru cunoaștere. Alegerea Facultății de Chimie a Universității de Stat din Moldova (USM) a fost, astfel, una firească. Această instituție avea să-i devină alma mater și, mai târziu, spațiul privilegiat în care și-a împlinit vocația de profesor, cercetător, creator de școală științifică și manager academic
The architect of the chemical structures that give meaning to matter. PhD in chemistry Ion BULHAC at the age of 80
Ilustru specialist în domeniul chimiei anorganice, al chimiei compușilor coordinativi, macrociclici și supramoleculari, doctorul habilitat Ion Bulhac și-a început formarea academică cu o remarcabilă dăruire, absolvind în anul 1968 Institutul Pedagogic de Stat din Tiraspol, Facultatea de Științe ale Naturii și Geografie, specialitatea Biologie și Chimie. Studiile de aspirantură (în prezent, studii doctorale) în cadrul Institutului de Chimie al Academiei de Științe a Moldovei (AȘM) s-au finalizat în anul 1975 cu susținerea tezei de doctorat cu titlul „Dioximinele fierului cu piridină și unii derivați”, la Universitatea de Stat din Dnepropetrovsk (Ucraina), la specialitatea Chimie anorganică. Cariera științifică a dr. hab. Ion Bulhac este strâns legată de Institutul de Chimie al AȘM (în prezent, în cadrul Universității de Stat din Moldova), unde a parcurs succesiv toate treptele profesionale: cercetător științific inferior (1975–1980), cercetător științific superior (1980–1993), cercetător științific coordonator (1993–2001), cercetător științific principal (2001–2006) și șef al Laboratorului de Chimie Coordinativă (2006–2015 și 2018–prezent), asigurând continuitatea și consolidarea școlii științifice naționale din domeniul chimiei coordinative și supramoleculare, creată de regretatul savant de talie mondială, academicianul Nicolae Gărbălău.
A master of neural engineering. Academician Stanislav GROPPA at the age of 70
Laitmotivul celui de-al XXI-lea Congres Național de Neurologie, desfășurat în anul 2025, a fost – judecând după cele mai autoritare afirmații și cele mai captivante comunicări – ideea definirii secolului XXI drept „Secolul Creierului”! Bine ar fi să fie așa, gânditu-m-am în sinea mea, dar, pe de altă parte, urmărind catastrofele lumii, teamă mi-i să nu fie „secolul descreieraților”! Șansa și speranța zilei de mâine rămân a fi triumful rațiunii. O rațiune umanistă, sinonimă cu sănătatea creierului, de care au grijă, în primul rând, cei chemați…
A life dedicated to children, science, and medical education. Academician Eva GUDUMAC at the age of 85
În contextul aniversării venerabilei vârste de 85 de ani, ne înclinăm cu profund respect în fața unui destin exemplar, pus cu neabătută credință în slujba copilului, a medicinei, a cercetării, a Academiei de Științe a Moldovei și a școlii universitare medicale din Republica Moldova. Personalitatea doamnei academician Eva Gudumac reprezintă un fenomen remarcabil al medicinei naționale, un model de performanță științifică, dăruire umană și excelență academică. Formată în spiritul exigenței medicale autentice, doamna Eva Gudumac și-a început drumul profesional la Școala de Medicină din Soroca, continuându-și studiile la Facultatea de Pediatrie a Institutului de Stat de Medicină din Chișinău. A ales unul dintre cele mai dificile și mai sensibile domenii ale medicinei: chirurgia copilului. De atunci și până astăzi, această alegere s-a transformat într-o pasiune, iar pasiunea – într-o operă.
Called by music: Academician Gheorghe MUSTEA at the age of 75
Îmi propun să vorbesc despre muzica și muzicianul Gheorghe Mustea – iar, în context, în raport cu fenomenul muzicii ca atare – sub un aspect despre care, de obicei, nu se vorbește, dar care este important pentru a înțelege ce spune această artă dincolo de sunetele ei și, totodată, pentru a explica popularitatea muzicii Maestrului. De ce oamenilor le place muzica? Deoarece ei se regăsesc în ea, își văd acolo eul în oglindă. Căci muzica, vorba filosofului Hegel, „exprimă întreaga gamă a sentimentelor umane – de la plus infinitul bucuriei la minus infinitul tristeții”. Faptul că muzica exprimă substratul psihico-emoțional al omului este o axiomă. Un alt filosof, reprezentativ pentru cultura română, Emil Cioran, spunea, în aceeași ordine de idei: „De n-am fi avut suflet ni l-ar fi creat muzica”. Iar expresia lui George Enescu, potrivit căreia „muzica este creată de suflet pentru suflet”, este larg cunoscută.
A scientific endeavor of enduring relevance
Monografia cercetătorului științific Eugen-Tudor Sclifos, editată la prestigioasa editură Lexon-Prim din Chişinău, redă caracterul recurent și actual al provocărilor generate de contextul politic internațional. Ca şi în trecut, unii actori politici tind să redeseneze harta Europei, utilizând o serie de „argumente” în acest sens, inclusiv prin apel la memoria şi narativul istoric profund distorsionate de limbajul propagandistic. Din păcate, aşa cum o demonstrează practica internațională, factorul politic neglijează de multe ori demersul științific, în aplicare fiind puse interese geopolitice, ideologice, economice etc.
The configuration of privileged social hierarchies in Tsarist Bessarabia
Lucrarea Privilegiaţii în ierarhia socială a Basarabiei (1812–1871), elaborată de istoricul modernist Valentin Tomuleţ, doctor habilitat în istorie, profesor universitar la Departamentul Istoria Românilor, Universală şi Arheologie al Facultății de Istorie și Filosofie şi cercetător ştiinţific principal la Institutul de Istorie al Universităţii de Stat din Moldova, reprezintă o contribuţie ştiinţifică de substanţă în domeniul istoriei sociale a spaţiului basarabean, situându-se la intersecţia dintre istoria instituţională, istoria socială şi analiza structurilor de putere într-un context periferic al Imperiului Rus. Prin amploarea tematică, rigoarea metodologică şi teoretică, precum și prin bogăţia surselor utilizate, volumul de 800 de pagini oferă o perspectivă coerentă şi nuanţată asupra transformărilor de ordin social şi instituţional suferite de categoriile privilegiate din Basarabia – boiernaşii, mazilii, ruptaşii, ruptele de vistierie şi de cămară, odnodvorţii, negustorii şi călăraşii – în decursul unui interval cronologic marcat de profunde mutaţii şi transformări politice şi administrative.
Renowned Romanian economist Valeriu Ioan-Franc elected honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
În cadrul Adunării Generale a membrilor titulari și a membrilor corespondenți ai Academiei de Științe a Moldovei din 29 aprilie 2026, ilustrului economist, cercetător științific și om de vastă cultură Valeriu Ioan-Franc, doctor în științe economice, profesor universitar, membru al Academiei Române, i-a fost acordat înaltul titlu de membru de onoare al Academiei de Științe a Moldovei. Valeriu Ioan-Franc s-a născut la 21 mai 1949, în București, România. A absolvit Academia de Studii Economice din București în anul 1975, iar titlul de doctor în economie l-a obținut cu o teză dedicată gândirii economice românești, pe care a susținut-o în cadrul Institutului Național de Cercetări Economice „Costin C. Kiriţescu” al Academiei Române
The symbolic dimension and philosophical reflection in the easel graphics of Violeta Diordiev
The article analyzes the work of Violeta Diordiev, a prominent visual artist and illustrator in contemporary art in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the distinctive features of her artistic language, recurring themes, and contribution to the development of contemporary graphic art, with a particular focus on easel graphics. The study examines the main milestones of her professional formation, as well as the decisive role of classical literature in shaping a coherent, sensitive, and reflective visual imaginary. The article examines both her activity in book graphics and children’s book illustration, where the artist has produced an impressive number of publications and gained national and international recognition, as well as the philosophical and poetic dimension of her easel compositions. Her artistic oeuvre can be situated within the realm of magical realism, with elements of poetic surrealism, as well as the way in which recurring motifs – the angel, the bird, the fish, the rose, and the vegetal elements – structure an allegorical universe, suspended between beauty, ambiguity, moral reflection, and existential meditation. Through the refinement of her graphic expression, conceptual depth, and originality of her vision, Violeta Diordiev’s work asserts itself as a valuable contribution to the development of Moldova’s national cultural heritage.
Sonata no. 2 "Romantică" for clarinet and piano by Oleg Negruța: artistic and technical-performance aspects
In the present study, the author aims to highlight both the artistic content of the work, elucidating the role of the solo instrument in creating the musical image, and certain technical and performance-related aspects. Sonata no. 2 for clarinet and piano by Oleg Negruța represents the classical genre, but called "Romantica", the composer renders an epic, narrative, melancholic musical content, taking into account the rigors of the Romantic era. Thus, the basic themes are smooth, with a pronounced melodiousness, meditative character. Some of these also represent a wellmarked rhythmic aspect typical of a dance. The clarinet fulfills a declamatory-rhetorical function, generating dramaturgical tension through motivic fragmentation, register contrasts and expressive accents. In the second part, the instrument becomes the bearer of a lyrical and confessional dimension, being treated as an interiorized human voice, capable of transmitting subtle nuances of expressiveness. The finale of the sonata brings a new hypostasis of the clarinet, as a rhythmic generator and instrument of cyclic synthesis, capable of unifying the entire dramaturgical path of the work.
Social representations of the family: a generational analysis
This study examines the social representations of the family across two distinct generations – Baby Boomers and Generation Y – in the context of contemporary social change. As a social institution, the family is transforming its functions and relational patterns while maintaining its central role in the transmission of values and the intergenerational exchange of support. Cultural capital, including values, traditions, and communication styles, constitutes an important resource for adaptation. The data were analyzed using the prototypical analysis method proposed by P. Vergès within the framework of the structural approach of the central core theory developed by J.-C. Abric. The results reveal significant generational differences. The central core of the Baby Boomers generation is organized around traditional and normative values (“love”, “children”, “respect”, “care”, “parents”), emphasizing family responsibility and the continuity of social norms. In contrast, the central core of Generation Y includes predominantly affective and relational elements (“love”, “respect”, “children”, “home”), reflecting an orientation toward emotional closeness and mutual support. Differences between the generations are also visible at the level of peripheral elements: Baby Boomers value the functional and collectivist dimensions of the family, whereas Generation Y emphasizes emotional well-being, autonomy, and the quality of relationships. The associative element “support” appears in both groups, confirming the perception of the family as an essential resource for mutual assistance. The results demonstrate the dynamic nature of social representations of the family and their sensitivity to intergenerational and cultural changes.
Adaptation of strategies for the development of artistic and aesthetic culture elements to students' learning styles
The study aims at identifying the concrete relationships between learning styles and effective learning strategies used in the formation of artistic-aesthetic culture elements among primary school students. After an analysis of the styles proposed by Kolb and Lisievici – which are predominantly manifested within the activities specific to artisticaesthetic education – the study records strategies adapted to these styles, identified through practical activity. The methodology of artistic-aesthetic education has curricular integration as its central element which promotes, in teaching activity, the synesthesia of the arts. A thorough understanding of the specifications of each learning style ensures that the student can leverage their individual abilities and self-regulate cognitive effort. The elements of metacognition are specific to a clear learning strategy and facilitate both the acquisition of the given content and the development of thinking operations and all other psychological processes. Pedagogical practice demonstrates that the educational process and teaching strategies generate different levels of performance among pupils, depending on individual characteristics, age, intellectual level, the structure of personal beliefs, attitudes, cultural background, elements that influence the differentiated reception and processing of instructional messages.
Metacognitive experience in students’ strategic learning
In recent decades, the educational focus has shifted from the passive accumulation of knowledge to the development of students’ thinking and self-regulation skills. Metacognition represents a fundamental component of strategic learning, enabling students to plan, monitor, and evaluate their own cognitive processes. This article explores metathinking experiences in an educational context, highlighting their impact on cognitive autonomy and academic performance. This paradigm reorientation is essential for preparing students to manage the complexity of information in contemporary society. Metacognitive skills facilitate the transition of students from passive recipients into active and self-aware participants in their own learning processes. They do not merely assimilate facts; rather, they learn how to learn effectively. The ability to monitor their progress, identify gaps in understanding, and adjust study strategies accordingly (for instance, through the utilization of metacognitive assessment instruments such as the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI)) provides them with a substantial advantage. Consequently, the explicit integration of metathinking strategies into the curriculum constitutes not only a pedagogical trend, but also a pragmatic imperativeThe cognitive autonomy acquired empowers them to transfer these proficiencies across diverse contexts extending them beyond the school environment to real-life problem-solving and to an ever-evolving labor market.
Eminescu: from musical practice to the contrapuntal composition of the text
This article analyzes the complexity of Mihai Eminescu’s poetic vision is analyzed, highlighting the “symphonic” character of his creation. Critics show that many of Eminescu’s poems develop philosophical ideas and poetic images within a broad structure in which the vision expands from simple elements to cosmic dimensions and then returns to its starting point. The study also emphasizes the way the poet combines reflection on the universe, the human condition, and the role of the thinker or poet in the world is also emphasized. It also underscores the richness of meaning embedded in poetic language, where each word opens multiple layers of interpretation Thus, Eminescu’s work emerges as a huge and profound poetic construction, characterized by ideational density and a complex orchestration of images and themes.
Entomological research at the Moldavian Scientific Research Base of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1946–1949)
The article presents information on the planned entomological research conducted during the years 1946 and 1949 within two institutions of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and their subdivisions: the Viticulture Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, and two agricultural divisions of the Moldavian Scientific Research Base of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Section of Horticulture and Viticulture and the Section of Zoology, including the associated groups of ornithology, entomology, and hydrobiology. Within these institutions, research topics were primarily focused on grapevine cultivation, which was severely affected by grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vastatrix). This pest caused vine desiccation, the formation of gaps in vineyards, and a significant reduction in in grape yields. To combat phylloxera, experiments involving insecticides and the use of specialized machinery for their application to the grapevine root system were planned, particularly in vineyards established on own-rooted vines, which were considered the most vulnerable.
The social mission "Diaconia": historical evolution and analysis of social assistance programs
The Social Mission “Diaconia” of the Metropolis of Bessarabia represents a relevant example of a church-affiliated non-governmental organization with a significant impact on the field of social assistance in the Republic of Moldova. The article examines the historical background of its establishment and the stages of its development, from the early philanthropic initiatives during the post-Soviet period (2001) to structured nationwide projects. The study employs a mixed methodological approach, combining historical and documentary analysis with descriptive statistical analysis of official data. The main results highlight the successful transition from emergency services, such as the mobile social Canteen “Close to One’s Neighbor” (launched in 2013, providing more than 34.500 meals in 2024), to large-scale projects such as the "Clothing Bank" (launched in 2016, with over 230-250 tons of goods distributed including 61 tons in 2024 alone). In 2024, “Diaconia” reached 73.216 direct beneficiaries, managed 17 active projects across 64 communities, and engaged approximately 1.000 volunteers. These data demonstrate the scaling of its social impact and the efficiency of the diaconal model in complementing public social services. “Diaconia” establishes itself as a model of excellence among church-affiliated NGOs, offering good practices for public authorities, other non-governmental organizations, and the field of social education. The study emphasizes the importance of public-private-religious partnerships for the sustainable development of social services in the Republic of Moldova.
The geopolitical considerations that determined England’s differentiated perspectives on the territorial cessions in Dobruja, Moldova, and Transylvania (1940) (Part II)
The article examines the escalation of Romania’s territorial crisis during the summer of 1940, when Romania was forced to cede Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, Southern Dobruja and north-western Transylvania. Faced with the Blitz, London gradually abandoned the defense of the status quo and sought to transform the Romanian–Hungarian conflict into a catalyst for German–Soviet rivalry. The instructions sent to the British Minister in Budapest, Owen O’Malley, authorized him, for the first time, to refrain from discouraging “dangerous adventures”, in the hope of triggering a local war that would “set the Balkans alight”. At the same time, the British Minister in Sofia, George Rendel, suggested to the Bulgarian government that London would view with sympathy a swift settlement of the Southern Dobruja issue. On the ground, reports by military attaché Geoffrey Macnab and diplomat Robert Hankey described the demoralization of the Romanian army and anti-German protests, while no political leader in Bucharest succeeded in organizing effective resistance. The documents also reveal how Hungary “played the Russian card”, exploiting the Soviet threat to push Berlin towards imposing the Vienna Award. Publicly the British government declared that it would not recognize territorial changes achieved through coercion; in reality, the discreet support extended to Sofia and Budapest contradicted this official position. The analysis demonstrates that, for Whitehall, intensifying German–Soviet tensions became a priority, and propaganda was preferred over concrete support for Romania.
The Bessarabian Question in Western Memoirs (1855–1856)
The Bessarabian Question emerged as a significant topic in Western political and diplomatic discourse during the final years of the Crimean War (1855–1856). Western memoir literature from this period reflects the growing interest of the major European powers in limiting Russian influence in Eastern Europe and securing strategic control over the Lower Danube and the Black Sea region. In the memoirs of Greville, Malmesbury and A. Hübner Bessarabia is primarily portrayed as a geopolitical and strategic space rather than as a territory defined by a distinct national identity. The retrocession of Southern Bessarabia to Moldova, established by the Treaty of Paris (1856), is presented as a diplomatic instrument aimed at weakening the Russian Empire and reshaping the regional balance of power.
The historical evolution of simplicity paradigms in child social protection policies
This article investigates the historical evolution of the paradigm of simplicity as a guiding principle in child social protection policies, from the earliest organized forms of assistance in Antiquity to contemporary reform models. Using a historical-analytical and comparative methodology, the article examines how the concept of simplicity - understood successively as resource economy, an ethic of sufficiency, intermediate technology, and relational efficiency – has shaped institutions, legislation, and care practices for children in difficulty. The contribution of the article lies in the construction of a diachronic typology of six paradigms of simplicity – an analytical framework absent from the specialized literature that systematically intersects the history of child protection with the philosophy of simplicity - and in the introduction of the operational distinction between administrative simplicity and relational simplicity as a diagnostic tool for social policy reforms. The diachronic analysis identifies six distinct paradigms: sacred simplicity (Antiquity), charitable simplicity (Middle Ages), disciplinary simplicity (early modern period), normative simplicity (modernity), systemic simplicity (welfare state), and relational simplicity (contemporaneity). Each paradigm reflects a different set of values regarding the child, the family, and the role of the state.
The impact of energy efficiency measures in public buildings in the Republic of Moldova: a case study
In most countries, including the Republic of Moldova, national public budget expenditures frequently exceed revenues, highlighting the need for efficient management of public resources, including expenditures allocated to energy consumption. Based on an empirical analysis of energy consumption before and after the implementation of energy efficiency measures within the renovation project of eight educational institutions carried out by the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), a significant decrease in energy consumption was identified, reaching up to 60% in some schools, as well as an annual reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 1 316 tons of CO₂ equivalent. These outcomes generate positive economic, social, and environmental effects. At the same time, the main barriers affecting the implementation of energy efficiency measures were identified and should be taken into consideration in the implementation of similar projects.
Assessment of welfare inequality among the population of the Republic of Moldova
Inequality in population welfare represents one of the major socioeconomic challenges facing the Republic of Moldova. The paper analyzes the level and dynamics of welfare inequality during the period 2020-2024, using well-established indicators for assessing the distribution of income and consumption expenditures, such as the Gini coefficient, the quintile share ratio, and the Palma coefficient, calculated by the authors. The results reveal an increasing trend in welfare inequality over the analyzed period, as confirmed by the rising values of the main calculated indicators. The analysis also highlights differences in the evolution of this phenomenon between urban and rural areas. In addition, an international comparative analysis of income inequality and human development is conducted using the Gini coefficient and the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
The trade sector in the Republic of Moldova: trends, challenges, and perspectives
The trade sector in the Republic of Moldova underwent significant transformations during the period 2015–2023, driven by digitalization, the modernization of distribution channels, and European economic integration. This article analyses the main trends in the activity of enterprises operating in the trade sector, highlights key challenges (deficiencies in logistics infrastructure, illegal trade, and low competitiveness), and outlines development perspectives through modernization, digitalization, the expansion of logistics infrastructure, strengthening the logistics infrastructure and the stimulation of private investment. The study relies on official statistical data and specialized analyses to provide a clear picture of the sector’s evolution and the strategies required for sustainable growth. The article was developed within Subprogram 030101 “Strengthening the resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability of the economy of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the European Union Accession Process”.
The financial position of the entity through the lens of national and international regulations
The financial position of an entity represents the relationships between the economic resources controlled by the entity and the sources of their financing, and it is presented in the entity’s balance sheet—the primary report within the financial statements that must be prepared and presented by economic entities. In local practice, the financial position can be presented in the balance sheet either in accordance with Law No. 287/2017 on Accounting and Financial Reporting and the National Accounting Standards (NAS), or in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Although the national accounting standards were developed based on international ones, there are certain differences in the presentation of the financial position in the balance sheet, the identification of which constituted the purpose of this research. The methodological framework of the research included qualitative research methods (bibliographic analysis and comparative analysis), professional judgment, and the methods of induction and deduction used in formulating conclusions, as well as the authors’ own reflections.
Forms of parasitism in indoor cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758)
In indoor cats (n = 89), the parasitic burden was dominated by mnoparasitism form, with an overall prevalence of 34.83%. Within this category, Toxocara cati was the dominant species (11.24%), followed by Cystoisospora felis (6.74%), suggesting the persistence of transmission factors in the indoor apartment environment. Ancylostoma caninum and Toxascaris leonina showed equal prevalences of 4.49%, whereas Toxoplasma gondii / Hammondia hammondi (3.37%), Dipylidium caninum (2.25%), Sarcocystis spp. (1.12%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1.12%) had lower bioecological relevance, being associated with sporadic occurrence or occasional risk factors. The distribution of species within monoparasitism was significantly uneven (p = 0.009), with a marked predominance of endoparasitism (96.77%) over ectoparasitism (3.23%), a significant statistical difference (p < 0.001), reflecting the major role of the faecal-oral route in parasite transmission under indoor conditions. In comparison, polyparasitism had a lower frequency and was represented by four sporadic parasite associations, each recorded in a single case: T. gondii / H. hammondi + T. cati, C. felis + A. caninum, C. felis + T. cati, and T. gondii / H. hammondi + A. caninum, each recorded in a single case (1.12%). The overall prevalence of 4.49% indicates an occasional pattern of associated infestations, without the emergence of dominant parasitic combinations.
Escherichia coli in bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of bacterial and fungal infections in poultry from commercial farms. In chicks aged 1-45 days, mixed infections were identified, primarily caused by E. coli in association with Diplococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Clostridium spp. In adult hens, pathogens such as E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were isolated. The most frequent microbial association was between E. coli and Diplococcus spp., with an incidence of 35.29% and a mortality rate ranging from 2.3% to 3.9%. Mixed infections were also observed in which E. coli was associated with Enterobacter spp. (19.63%), Clostridium spp. (9.8%), and Klebsiella spp. (13.72%). Candida spp. was recorded as a monoinfection, with a morbidity of 11.76% and a low mortality rate (0.02%). Microbiological analysis of eggs and washings from incubators revealed contamination with E. coli, fungi, and other microorganisms, highlighting the need to improve hygiene measures in poultry units. Therapeutic efficacy, assessed through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, demonstrated superior activity for the combination of enrofloxacin and tilmicosin phosphate, which produced the largest zones of inhibition (18-34 mm). The obtained results emphasize the importance of implementing strict measures to reduce antimicrobial resistance through rational use of antibiotics based on antibiograms and through strengthening biosecurity measures in poultry farms.
Optimization of downy mildew and gray mold control methods in sunflower under high disease pressure conditions
The research was conducted in 2025 în zona de sud a Republicii Moldova under conditions of high phytopathological pressure in field plots where sunflower monoculture had been practiced in previous years. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate control strategies designed to mitigate phytosanitary risks at both national and regional levels. The biological products Trichodermin-SC, Rizoplan-SC, and Unical, SC were tested. For both conventional and organic farming systems, application strategies were developed regarding the optimizarea concentration of the products in the working solution as a key element of the plant protection protocol. Data were collected on disease progression, the biological efficacy of the tested products, and the impact of application strategies on crop productivity. These were assessed using several parameters, including plant height, capitulum diameter, yield quality indicators, seed bulk density, and thousand-seed weight. The results showed that optimizing the concentration of phytosanitary products has a differential effect on both efficacy and productivity: Unical, SC provided significant control of downy mildew and contributed to yield increase, Trichodermin-SC showed limited effectiveness, while Rizoplan-SC approached the efficacy of chemical treatment and stimulated plant growth.
Research and innovation – fundamental components in the development of the National Agency for Public Health
The research sector became a component part of the institution on July 28, 1995, when the Government of the Republic of Moldova, through Government Decision no. 529, established the National Scientific and Practical Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology (currently the National Agency for Public Health). This measure aimed to optimize the structure and increase the efficiency of the State Sanitary-Epidemiological Service, with a research and support staff capacity of 135.5 positions. Over the past 30 years, the results of the work carried out by researchers and scholars within the National Agency for Public Health have been reflected in the daily activities of various enterprises and institutions, regardless of their organizational and legal form. Nevertheless, it is often overlooked that the reduction of risk factors in occupational, educational, and hospital environments, as well as the ergonomic organization of educational spaces, is largely attributable to the research projects implemented during this period. At present, scientific researchers successfully combine the experience and knowledge of their predecessors – who established a strong scientific foundation since the creation of the Science Directorate – with the recruitment and training of a new generation of researchers dedicated to addressing pressing public health challenges. During these 30 years, scientific researchers have studied a wide range of phenomena through various bilateral projects and state-funded programs, generating findings with wide-ranging applications in the aforementioned fields.
Pediatric gallstone disease. A clinical study and literature review
Pediatric gallstone disease, once considered a rare condition, is being diagnosed with increasing frequency due to advances in imaging techniques and changes in metabolic factors. This retrospective study analyzed 70 children with gallstone disease treated between 2018–2025 at the National Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery “Acad. Natalia Gheorghiu”. The mean age was 14.5 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.6:1. Family predisposition (27.1%) and obesity (11.4%) were the main risk factors, followed by hereditary spherocytosis (8.6%). All patients were symptomatic, with 74% presenting biliary colic and 26% acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 98.5% of cases with a minimal complication rate (1.4%). Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy proved ineffective. The results confirm the increasing incidence of pediatric gallstone disease and highlight laparoscopic surgery as a safe, effective treatment modality. The results obtained were corroborated with data from the relevant literature.