Particularities of the integrated protection of sunflowers in the southern area of the Republic of Moldova in the period of the years 2022–2024

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the impact of intensified cultivation and expansion of sunflower-growing areas on the phytosanitary status in the agroclimatic conditions of the southern part of the country. Reviewing the sources concerning potential phytopathological challenges arising from non-compliance with technological recommendations allowed for the prior identification of the possible risks, the development of biological and economic methods to mitigate limiting factors. The economic situation and agroclimatic conditions in the southern region requires the identification of effective and affordable products to meet the challenges. The products Trichodermin-SC and Unical, SC were tested comparatively. The research was carried out between 2022–2024. The tri-factorial experiment included three replications of three variants: the first factor is the ecological scheme using the Trichodermin-SC preparation, the second factor is the chemical scheme using the Unical, SC preparation, and the third factor was the genetic factor using three hybrids. Research shows a high biological effectiveness of the preparations Unical, SC and Trichodermin-SC in controlling and combating gray mold and sunflower blight. These preparations proved suitable in the context of intensified sunflower cultivation. The importance of the genetic factor in addressing the studied problem was also established.