Optimization of downy mildew and gray mold control methods in sunflower under high disease pressure conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52673/18570461.26.2-81.14Keywords:
sunflower, phytosanitary status, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara halstedii, Trichodermin-SC, Unical, SC, Rizoplan-SCAbstract
The research was conducted in 2025 în zona de sud a Republicii Moldova under conditions of high phytopathological pressure in field plots where sunflower monoculture had been practiced in previous years. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate control strategies designed to mitigate phytosanitary risks at both national and regional levels. The biological products Trichodermin-SC, Rizoplan-SC, and Unical, SC were tested. For both conventional and organic farming systems, application strategies were developed regarding the optimizarea concentration of the products in the working solution as a key element of the plant protection protocol. Data were collected on disease progression, the biological efficacy of the tested products, and the impact of application strategies on crop productivity. These were assessed using several parameters, including plant height, capitulum diameter, yield quality indicators, seed bulk density, and thousand-seed weight. The results showed that optimizing the concentration of phytosanitary products has a differential effect on both efficacy and productivity: Unical, SC provided significant control of downy mildew and contributed to yield increase, Trichodermin-SC showed limited effectiveness, while Rizoplan-SC approached the efficacy of chemical treatment and stimulated plant growth.
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