Litiaza biliară pediatrică. Studiu clinic și revizuire a literaturii

Alexandru Jalbă; Igor Ambros

doi:10.52673/18570461.26.2-81.12

Autori

Alexandru Jalbă Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie Nicolae Testemițanu din Chișinău https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3051-4453
Igor Ambros IMSP Institutul Mamei şi Copiluluii https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-9032

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52673/18570461.26.2-81.12

Cuvinte cheie:

litiază biliară pediatrică, boală calculoasă biliară, factori de risc, obezitate, colecistectomie laparoscopică, copii

Rezumat

Litiaza biliară pediatrică, considerată anterior o afecțiune rară, este diagnosticată tot mai frecvent datorită perfecționării metodelor imagistice și modificărilor factorilor metabolici. Acest studiu retrospectiv a analizat un lot de 70 de copii cu litiază biliară tratați în perioada 2018–2025 în cadrul Centrului Național Științifico-Practic de Chirurgie Pediatrică „Acad. Natalia Gheorghiu”. Vârsta medie a pacienților a fost de 14,5 ani, înregistrându-se un raport gen feminin/gen masculin de 2,6:1. Predispoziția familială (27,1%) și obezitatea (11,4%) au constituit principalii factori de risc, urmați de sferocitoza ereditară (8,6%). Toți pacienții au fost simptomatici: 74% au prezentat colică biliară, iar 26% – colecistită acută. Colecistectomia laparoscopică a fost efectuată în 98,5% dintre cazuri, cu o rată minimă a complicațiilor (1,4%). Terapia cu acid ursodeoxicolic s-a dovedit ineficientă. Rezultatele confirmă creșterea incidenței litiazei biliare la copii și evidențiază chirurgia laparoscopică drept standardul de aur terapeutic sigur și eficient. Rezultatele obținute au fost coroborate cu datele din literatura de specialitate.

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